Boltz continues to be keenly aware of anything that flies, especially when it is flying over his head. With the influx of extra food the past couple of days there are a number of ravens in the exhibit looking for opportunities to help themselves. Boltz was observed a couple of hours ago going up the hill to take a chicken away from some ravens and he brought it back to the front of the exhibit to eat it while the ravens watched.

Boltz was engaged when the pack was brought back together. When he and the arctics surrounded Aidan, Aidan made it clear with threat displays that he did not want them around him. At one point Boltz and Axel were doing a bit of an investigation at the rear of Aidan which did not elicit much of a response. Later on Aidan did a full speed charge across the exhibit to run Boltz off of the pump housing where Aidan had food. Boltz left and gave Aidan room after that. While Boltz was aware of where Aidan was at all times he was not focused on Aidan or his wound. He was able to get a good amount of food to eat and is spending today resting in front of the exhibit while he keeps an eye on the ravens.

This week’s log was submitted by Wolf Photography Weekend Participant Dana Pond and Bryan Holland.

During the “What’s For Dinner” program, we observed Boltz hanging back, not feeding on the carcass. Sunday morning, Boltz appeared to be feeding on the carcass or a cache near the upper pond.

Boltz took a position behind a rock waiting to ambush Axel. As he walked by, Axel immediately submitted to Boltz by rolling onto his back. Shortly after, Grayson was the focus of some aggression by both Boltz and Axel for several minutes. Aiden followed Boltz around for a while until Boltz moved to the upper woods.

You may have read the press release addressing Boltz’s anxiety about bees, flies, wasps, hornets, basically anything that flies around his head.  We certainly didn’t want to portray any negativity towards our fellow insects, they are an important part of the ecosystem, we just want to help Boltz through this negative conditioning.  In an attempt to desensitize him to the movement around his head, some of our “Pups at One Year” participants forwarded the idea of using “Peanut Butter Bubbles”.  These are made for dogs and available on Amazon, we certainly want to make Boltz’s life less stressful, so we tried it.  Not only does Boltz show an ear posture of interest (pricked forward), but he tasted one and seemed to like the taste. 

This week’s logs were written by the Bio 1476 – Wolf Ethology Students:

The last several days have been warm, in the 80’s.  The warmer temperatures cause the wolves to look for cooler places to rest. Boltz spent a great deal of time in the den, which offers him a chance to escape the flies and bees.  Boltz came out when food or enrichments were offered.  All this time seeking shelter from things that fly around his head, have caused him to be separated from the pack.  This separation from the pack appears to be having an affect on his relationship with his pack mates.  He is often on the outside looking in on pack interactions.  We noticed that Boltz  lays or sit a distance from his pack mates except for bouts of stimuli with enrichment or the wolf care staff daily check.  This may change in the fall when the flies and bees have gone away.   Boltz has maintained a consistent weight of around 110 pounds since he became and adult.

We don’t know when it happened, but sometime in Boltz’s life, bees became an obsession.  During the summer season, Boltz has the stress of looking, ducking and running from the variety of insects that frequent Minnesota’s great outdoors.  On an overcast and cooler summer day, he’s right with the pack, but heat and humidity mean bugs and that means Boltz makes an upper enclosure retreat underground.  This isolation can be problematic as the rest of the pack members treat his anxiety and retreat as a weakness and he can be the focus of some unwanted attention when he comes back down the hill at night.  In order to overcome this summer stress, we are trying to devise ways to give him a distraction, but so far, there hasn’t been much success to change his mind

Since Boltz missed the previous log posting, here’s a photo showing a nose to nose greeting with Grayson. 

We apologize to those of you who follow Boltz in the wolf logs.  Being in the middle of the pack based on age and rank, it seems like Boltz gets overlooked when it comes to some interactions, including the posting of wolf logs. This is in part due to Boltz’s more timid behavior, especially during the fly season.  In his younger days, he had some negative associations with bees and now he seems to obsess about anything that buzzes over his head.  Once the temperatures warm enough for the bugs to arrive, he tends to retreat to the upper wood line out of sight to the photographers.  This seasonal change in confidence has not gone unnoticed by the yearlings.  Initially, they backed off and watched as Boltz spun in circles catching flies.  Now, they seem more tolerant and continue to show some bonding behavior with Boltz.  Boltz seems to revert back to his juvenile mind, obnoxiously submitting to Denali.  This timid seasonal behavior includes the weekly carcass feedings, where he waits on the sidelines before he gets an opportunity to tug at the carcass and retreat with his possession.  The “What’s for Dinner” crowd cheered on Saturday night when Boltz acquired a hind deer leg from Denali and the yearlings.  Staff monitor feedings closely as well as monitoring the condition and color of scat to ensure that each wolf gets the resources they need.  When the weather is cool and damp keeping the bugs from being airborne, Boltz is right in the mix showing some dominance over anyone willing to stand there long enough to take it. 

Boltz watching for flies

While we talk about Boltz watching Aidan and looking for anxiety, we need to remind ourselves that Boltz carries a bit of anxiety himself in the form of an insect phobia.  What may have started as a response to a bee sting, has certainly increased to an all out awareness of anything that buzzes near his head.  If you have spent time in the great north woods of Minnesota, you quickly realize that there are many things that buzz around our heads.  We just started noticing this behavior in the last week and it can certainly influence the reaction of the other wolves.  So far, the yearlings haven’t mimicked this behavior, but we know from experience that anxiety of one can influence the others.  The bug season might give Aidan a break from Boltz’s testing for a bit, but so will warm weather.  Once the temperatures rise, the wolf behavior calms dramatically.  

We just completed a training for the wolf care staff to help us remain attentive to behavioral changes in the upcoming year.  We are always cognitive of behavior, but in the upcoming year, we have two circumstances that happen to be occurring simultaneously in the winter/spring of 2018.  The first is the yearling pups, Axel and Grayson, will be maturing to full adults at the age of 2, which usually means a bit more testing behavior.  The second event is that our pack leader, Aidan, will be reaching 10 years of age.  During the training, we discussed our historical yearling behavior that we experienced with the 1989, 1993, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 litters and looked for behavioral cues that are important to document and in some cases may require a modified handling technique.  We have less data for which to draw details about pack leader changes since we have only had MacKenzie and Lucas as the dominant pair deposed in 2002 and a pack leader change initiated by a management decision to remove Shadow in 2010.  Boltz is definitely on our radar to watch for the obvious eye contact and following behavior that might tell us that his focus is intensifying on Aidan.  Fortunately, one can’t focus on much with the pups near by, as soon as one of the wolves looks interested in something, a yearling comes over to see what’s up.  

Boltz has a fair amount of testing behavior that increased as the winter set in.  With the onslaught of warmer weather, comes a change in hormones and tolerances.  Boltz is much more submissive to Aidan and quite social with wolf care staff.  Boltz did extremely well with his medical exam completed on the 17th of April.  Wolf care staff modified immobilization techniques to address Boltz’s intimidation of staff and he had a very smooth exam.  These exams are very important to identify any issues that may not be apparent through physical or behavioral symptoms.  Through blood work, we identified a slight elevation in Boltz’s glucose levels that will prompt additional testing to address any potential issues.  The class of drugs that we use for immobilization do not have dissociative properties, meaning that the wolves will remember and associate circumstances around the event.  This is always a concern and is the reason we have a detailed plan of procedures, personnel, separation of wolves and protocol for reuniting the pack.  After the immobilization, we were very pleased to see that Boltz showed no avoidance behavior to the staff or the holding facilities used during the exam.   Boltz is maintaining a consistent and healthy weight of 110 pounds.