Fact or Scat Trivia

Test your knowledge!

Read the statement on each card. Hover your mouse over the picture to “flip” the card and check your answer. New fact or scat trivia is posted every Friday on our social media. Follow us there to see them as soon as the new post is live!

SCAT
This is an important adaptation for arctic wolves. Instead of their blood vessels restricting blood flow to their paws in the cold, blood flow increases to their paws. The increase in blood flow warms their paws and allows them to walk on the frozen landscape without paw injuries.

Fact or Scat:

Arctic wolves often have paw injuries because of walking on the cold snow for most of the year.
FACT
A territory is a pack‘s wild space to find resources like food, water, and shelter. The size of a pack’s territory can vary depending on prey density or how much food wolves can find in that area. The pack’s territory might be smaller in an area of high prey density (plenty of prey animals in a certain area). In areas of low prey density (like the Arctic, where prey animals such as musk ox spread out over a large expanse), wolves must travel farther to find their next meal; their territory might be much larger. Pack size can also have an influence on territory size as well. However, the main factor is prey density.

Fact or Scat:

The size of a wolf pack’s territory is determined primarily by prey density.
FACT
Maintaining a territory gives wolf packs exclusive (of other packs) access to prey. However, maintaining it, in other words, defending it, can be costly. To balance the cost and benefits, wolves choose the smallest suitable territory possible with enough prey for the pack to survive.

Fact or Scat:

Wolves choose the smallest suitable territory possible.
FACT
Wolf biologists monitor wolves using radio collars that connect to a special antenna, GPS collars that send data to a computer, camera traps, and traditional survey methods of tracking paw prints, kill sites, and scat. Tracking wolves can be challenging in the spring, summer, and fall when vegetation is dense and camouflages well in their environment. This is why wolf research has primarily been done in the winter; however, technological advancements have made it easier to track wolves year-round.

Fact or Scat?

Wolf biologists use several methods to track wild wolves, such as GPS, radio telemetry, camera trapping, and traditional tracking (paw prints, scat, etc).
SCAT
Although wolves are known as social carnivores, they do not hunt only as a pack. During dispersal, when a wolf is alone searching for a new territory, it will hunt alone. Additionally, during the spring and summer, wolves may go off in small groups or alone to hunt for smaller prey or to fish. while the other wolf or wolves in the pack watch the pups at the den or rendezvous site.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves only hunt in packs.
SCAT
Wolves do swim! The webbed paws which help them walk on top of snow, are also helpful for swimming. Wolves can cool off in a water source when the weather is warmer. Some wolves even hunt fish and other aquatic or even marine animals. Click here to read more: https://canadiangeographic.ca/articles/the-amazing-sea-wolves-of-the-great-bear-rainforest/

Fact or Scat?

Wolves will wade in water, but they cannot swim.
FACT
A wolf pack will roam and defend a territory of between 25 and 100 miles in the western Great Lakes area. Territories can reach hundreds of square miles where prey densities are in low density such as in northwestern Canada.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves can have a territory of 25 to 100 square miles in the Great Lakes area, depending on prey density.
SCAT
Wolves are crepuscular, with higher activity at dawn and dusk. This often follows the patterns of their prey. Wolves are also opportunistic hunters and will take opportunities to hunt when possible. There are times throughout the day and night when wolves rest and times when they hunt. For more information on hunting and feeding behaviors, click here: https://wolf.org/wolf-info/basic-wolf-info/biology-and-behavior/hunting-feeding-behavior/

Fact or Scat?

Wolves hunt only during the night.
FACT
Wolves are often labeled as “opportunistic carnivores,” hunting for prey based on opportunity, not a specific method. For example, wolves may prey upon healthy animals that are hindered by deep snow or domestic livestock that are confined or have lost their adaptations for defense.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves are “opportunistic carnivores”.
SCAT
Wolves howl for defensive and social purposes, not at the moon. They are crepuscular animals, usually more active at dawn or dusk. At night, when the moon is high, their howling is more audible due to the quieter human sounds. A howl can travel 6-7 miles, allowing us to hear them from a greater distance in the quiet of the night.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves howl at the moon.
SCAT
Wolves have a good sense of smell—about 100 times greater than humans. They use this sense for communication in a variety of ways. Wolves mark their territories with urine and scats, a behavior called scent–marking. When wolves outside the pack smell these scents, they know an area is already occupied. Pack members can likely recognize the identity of a packmate by its urine, which is useful when entering a new territory or when pack members become separated. Dominant animals may scent mark through urination every two minutes.

Fact or Scat?

Scent marking is not used as a communication method.
FACT
Howling is the one form of communication used by wolves that is intended for long distances. A defensive howl is used to keep the pack together and strangers away, to stand their ground and protect young pups who cannot yet travel from danger, and to protect kill sites. A social howl is used to locate one another, rally together, and possibly just for fun.

Fact or Scat?

There is more than one type of howl.
SCAT
Wolf packs are families. The dominant pair is the parents of the other members of the pack. Once their offspring reach sexual maturity (around 2-3 years old) they usually will disperse. When a wolf disperses, it seeks a mate and new territory, where it starts a new pack and becomes the dominant pair with its mate.

Fact or Scat?

All wolves fight for dominance in the pack.
SCAT
The activity patterns of wolves vary across seasons, locations, and individuals. Researchers have found that wolf activity patterns can be influenced by temperatures, prey activity and availability, probability of encountering humans, and breeding season. Therefore, there is no single pattern of activity for all wolf populations. For example, a study in Alaska found that wolves were more active in the summer, while a study in Poland found that activity peaks were higher in the winter.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves are more active in the summer.
FACT
Wolf communication is primarily through the use of body language and vocalizations, including howling and marking with urine or scat. Pups learn to communicate through play and interactions with pack members.

Fact or Scat?

The main forms of communication wolves use are body language, scent marking and vocalizations.
FACT
Even once the pup’s eyes are open, they stay close to the den. At times, the pups may explore up to a mile around the den but typically stay closer. Another pack member will stay with the pups while the pack hunts. During this time, the pups will explore, and socialize through play.

Fact or Scat?

Wolf pups stay close to the den for the first three to four months of their life.
SCAT
Wolf pups are born blind and deaf, opening their eyes around days 11-15. During their first 12 days, pups are limited to vocalizing and slowly crawling. When their eyes finally open, their eyesight is not fully developed yet. It continues to develop over the next few weeks.

Fact or Scat?

Pups open their eyes around day 5 of life.
SCAT
If you see a pup alone, you may not be able to see the whole picture. Wolves are neophobic, afraid of new things. Older pack members watching the pups may be off to the side, watching just out of view. The pups might be waiting for the pack to come back with food. Another possibility is the pups are exploring around the den, and although they appear to be alone, they are not. Either way, you may see the pups, but do not be concerned, they are likely perfectly fine and exploring their territory

Fact or Scat?

If you see a pup left alone, the pup is in danger or has been abandoned.
SCAT
After their first month of life, the pups’ can be left unattended for short periods of time. Sometimes, the older wolves in the pack will all leave; other times, one or two will stay behind with the pups. Although the pups are not usually left unattended for long, a wolf pup on its own is not typically cause for concern. They are often left behind or could be exploring just outside of the den, under the watch of another pack member. At about six months old, the pups will start joining the pack on hunts.

Fact or Scat?

When the pack hunts, the pups are always left behind in the den alone.
FACT
The pre-denning time prepares the den for the pup‘s arrival. During the first month of the pups’ lives, the dominant female will stay with them nearly all the time to nurse and protect the pups. In these first weeks, the pups are dependent on their mother as they are born deaf and blind in the den.

Fact or Scat?

During whelping season, the dominant female wolf gives birth to the pups in a den.
FACT
Dens are made from what is available in the territory. Most importantly, they are hidden and can fit the pups and members of the pack. For more information on dens, read this article about a group of researchers finding a den and pups.

Fact or Scat?

Dens can be in a hillside, under a tree, in a cave-like rock structure, or in a hollow fallen log, depending on the landscape and resources available.
FACT
Depending on the climate and habitat of the wolves, den prep can start in the fall before the ground freezes. However, this is not common. Most dominant pairs choose a den and begin prep during mating season.

Fact or Scat?

Preparing a den can start in the fall.
SCAT
Wolves can breed every year once they reach sexual maturity. However, the breeding season for wolves is only once per year, usually during February and March.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves only breed once in their lives.
SCAT
A wolf pack is a cohesive family unit consisting of the adult parents and their offspring of the current year and perhaps the previous year and sometimes two years or more. Wolf parents used to be referred to as the alpha male and alpha female or the alpha pair. These terms have been replaced by “breeding male,” “breeding female,” and “breeding pair,” or simply “parents.” The adult parents are usually unrelated, and other unrelated wolves may sometimes join the pack.

Fact or Scat?

The pair that breeds needs to exert their dominance over the pack first.
SCAT
Ungulates have pointed hooves which cause them to sink into the snow as they walk. This added challenge can cause issues in the winter when snow depth is high. As they sink into the snow, the ungulates are using more energy to move throughout the wildlands.

Fact or Scat?

Ungulates walk on top of the snow.
FACT
Although snow depth can be consistent in a geographical area, different species interact with the snow based on their need, sizes, and adaptations. For example, wolves have thicker coats and webbed paws making it easier for them to walk on the snow without sinking. Grouse will use the snow to insulate from the cold by temporarily burrowing. Other small mammals, like vols or shrews, will burrow into the snow for warmth and safety. Because of the different interactions with snow and the sizes of the animals, each species thrives at different snow depths.

Fact or Scat?

Different species of animals need different snow depths to thrive, even when living in the same area.
SCAT
Although you may be able to predict the general amount of snow an area will get in a season, the snow depth in that area can change from year to year and even month to month. Snow depth is the measure of how much snow is on the ground at that moment. This can be dependent on the location (side of a hill, forest, lake), the other weather conditions (temperature, wind), and the ecosystem and habitats in the area.

Fact or Scat?

Snow depth is consistent from year to year.
FACT
Most wolf communication occurs through scent marks and howling, so it’s no surprise that finding an unclaimed territory uses the same methods. Wolves are able to smell the scat and urine in an area to determine if that area has already been claimed by a pack, or is available. Howling is also used as a howl can be heard from 6 miles away on a clear night.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves find unclaimed territory through scent marks and howling.
SCAT
Wolves are social carnivores, meaning they work as a group to survive. This extends beyond hunting to the social life of the pack and raising the pups. The dominant male and female are typically the parents of the other wolves in the pack, meaning the pups have their parents and older siblings to watch, teach, and care for them.

Fact or Scat?

The dominant female is the only caretaker of the pups.
FACT
Wolves typically disperse between 2 and 3 years old. In their first year, they are growing and learning, while in their yearling time (from their first birthday to their 2nd), the wolves are still not fully developed to adulthood. At 2 years old, wolves are considered mature, and able to disperse to find a mate and new territory.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves usually disperse at about 2 to 3 years old.
SCAT
Dispersal is a dangerous time for a wolf. Wolves are pack animals, and rely on that structure for much of their life. Searching for a new mate and an unclaimed territory can be extremely dangerous. Wolves may encounter other packs, roads, towns, or environmental factors that could threaten their survival.

Fact or Scat?

Wolves find mates and new territory easily.
SCAT
Not all wolves disperse. Some stay with their natal packs and some disperse later than is typically observed. For more information read this article on dispersal.

Fact or Scat?

All wolves disperse.

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